Physical fitness has several elements. Various sports activities and physical exercises develop each component in different extents. For example, sports involving constant movements, such as swimming and running, enhance heart and lung efficiency, while gymnastics enhance flexibility. The type components of physical fitness are described below.
Strength
Strength is an ability of muscles to overcome resistance. It major component of physical fitness. It can also be defined as the amount of force, which can be exerted by a muscles group. The strength of the body can be measured in pounds or dynes. For better understanding, strength can be divided into new parts- 1. Dynamic strength
2. Static strength
Dynamic strength are three types; 1.Maximum strength
2. Explosive strength
3.Strength endurance
Speed
Speed may be defined as the ability or capacity of an individual to perform a movement of the same pattern at a faster rate. In fact, speed characteristics the ability of one’s moving body as fast as possible, especially when running different types of fast movement and quick reactions. This movement speed is much more than just the speed of running; it encompasses the speed of parts of the body. Such as explosive strength of the shot-putter’S body across the throwing circle, or the speed of a gymnast’s in-hand spring.
Endurance
Endurance is another component of physical fitness just like speed and strength. It is the ability to sustain an activity. also defines the ability to resist fatigue. In all sports, endurance is directly or indirectly high important. It is usually measured by the number of repetition. basically, there are two types of endurance. 1.Short- term 2.Long- term
Flexibility
Flexibility is a necessary components for physical fitness. it is the range of movement of joints. An individual, who has proper flexibility, can perform his work very easily. Such people seem to be attractive. Usually, they trend to have good personality. it is not only significant for an individual in his daily life. Range of movement is the most significance factors in sports but also equity varies significantly from joints to joints but depends onthe structure of the surrounding tendons, ligaments and muscle tissues. There are two types of flexibility- 1. Passive 2.activeTwo types of flexibility are:. static. Dynamic
Coordinative abilities
to Before 1980, speed, strength, flexibility, endurance and agility were considered the main components of physical fitness, but after that the term agility changed into coordinative abilities. The term agility was discontinued because it was not clearly defined and there was no unanimity in explaining its meaning. So, nowadays coordinative abilities is used in place of agility. Coordinative mainly depend on the central nervous system. if we take the above – mention points into consideration, coordinative abilities can be improved.
